Reduplication
Malagasy makes use of reduplication to encode semantic distinctions. The semantic effect of verbal reduplication is that of indicating manner (mainly iterativity or unmotivated/unsystematic event processing):
mihèrka ‘to look back’ > mih-erik-èrika ‘to look behind one repeatedly’
mandròvita ‘to tear’ > mand-rovi-ròvitra ‘to tear up into pieces’
Calling tristanjay.
Answering!
You’ve got reduplication encoding the iterative aspect (which I’ve parsed to my best ability in your post to make the reduplication clearer). The canonical reduplication language is Tagalog, but I’ll let eush give examples from that. Here are a bunch of examples.
Inflectional Reduplication:
- Ilokano plural reduplication [via]
- kaldíŋ (‘goat’) → kal-kaldíŋ (‘goats’)
- púsa (‘cat’) → pus-púsa (‘cats’)
- jyánitor (‘janitor’) → jyan-jyánitor (‘janitors’)
- Ilokano progressive marking [via]
- basa (‘read’) → ag-bas-basa (‘is reading’)
- adal (‘study’) → ag-ad-adal (‘is studying’)
- trabaho (‘work’) → ag-trab-trabaho (‘is working’)
- Sanskrit perfect [via]
- root → perfect
- pat- (‘fly, fall’) → pa-pát-a (‘have fallen/flown’)
- mna:- (‘note’) → ma-mná:-u (‘have noted’)
- bhava- (‘be’ [pres.]) → ba-bhũva (‘have been’)
- Pingelapese reduplication and triplication [via]
- kɔul (‘to sing’) → kɔu-kɔul (‘singing’) → kɔu-kɔu-kɔul (‘still singing’)
- mejr (‘to sleep’) → mej-mejr (‘sleeping’) → mej-mej-mejr (‘still sleeping’)
Noninflectional (Cool Shit) Examples: